Izimo zemvelo ezikhethekile zama-motor zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili ezinkulu ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lwezici zemvelo: izindawo zemvelo zesimo sezulu kanye nezindawo zezimboni. Izindawo zemvelo zesimo sezulu zifaka kakhulu izindawo ezishisayo, zasolwandle, ezibandayo, ezingaphansi komhlaba kanye nezindawo ezinamathafa; izindawo zezimboni zifaka kakhulu izindawo ezigqwalisayo, izindawo eziqhumayo, amazinga okushisa aphezulu naphansi, ukucindezela okuphezulu naphansi, izinhlayiya eziqinile kanye nothuli, imisebe enamandla aphezulu kanye nemithwalo ekhethekile yemishini, njll. Ithonya lezindawo ezikhethekile ekushiseni kwezimoto.
Ithonya lokushisa
Ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu okuzungezile okuthinta ukushabalaliswa kokushisa kwemoto, amandla ayo okukhipha ayancipha. Umphumela onamandla wokushisa okuphezulu kanye nemisebe ye-ultraviolet usheshisa ukuguga kwezinto zokuvikela. Ezindaweni ezomile nezishisayo, umswakama ohlobene ngezinye izikhathi wehla ube ngu-3%. Ukushisa okuphezulu nokomisa kubangela ukuthi izinto zokuvikela zome, zishwabane, ziguge futhi ziqhekeke. Ukushisa okuphezulu kungabangela ukulahlekelwa yinhlanganisela yokubhaka. Ukushisa okuphansi kwenza irabha nepulasitiki kuqine, kuqhekeke futhi kuqhekeke, futhi kubangele ukuthi uwoyela wokugcoba kanye ne-coolant kuqande.
Umswakama ophezulu kanye nethonya lomswakama
Umswakama ophezulu ungabangela ukwakheka kwamafilimu amanzi phezu kobuso. Uma umswakama udlula u-95%, amaconsi amanzi avame ukujiya ngaphakathi kwenjini, okwenza izingxenye zensimbi zithambekele ekugqwaleni, amafutha okugcoba athambekele ekumuncweni nasekuwohlokeni komswakama, kanye nezinye izinto zokuvikela umswakama ezivame ukuvuvukala ngenxa yokumuncwa komswakama noma ukuba mnene futhi kunamathele. Ukusebenza kwemishini kanye nogesi kuyawohloka, futhi kunengozi enkulu yokuphuka kokushisa nokushisa komhlaba.
Ithonya lesikhunta
Endaweni enokushisa okuphezulu kanye nomswakama ophezulu, isikhunta cishe siyakhula. Ukukhishwa kwesikhunta kungadla izinsimbi nezinto zokuvikela ukushisa, okubangela ukuthi ukuvikela ukushisa kuguge ngokushesha futhi kuholele ezingozini ze-short circuit.
Izinhlayiya zothuli nesihlabathi
Uthuli (kufaka phakathi uthuli lwezimboni) lubhekisela ezinhlayiyeni ezinobubanzi obusukela kuma-micrometer angu-1 kuya kwangu-150; uthuli lwesihlabathi lubhekisela ezinhlayiyeni ze-quartz ezinobubanzi obusukela kuma-micrometer angu-10 kuya kwangu-1000. Lapho uthuli nesihlabathi siqongelela phezu kobuso bokufudumeza, kuzobangela ukwehla kokusebenza kokushisa kukagesi ngenxa yokumuncwa komswakama, futhi uthuli oluqhubayo lungase lubangele ukuvuza kokushisa noma izingozi ze-short circuit. Zombili uthuli olubolayo olune-acidic nolwe-alkaline luvame ukuba ne-deliquescence, ngaleyo ndlela lubangele ukugqwala kwezingxenye zensimbi kanye nezingxenye zokushisa. Lapho uthuli nesihlabathi kungena enjinini, kungabangela ukwehluleka kwemishini kanye nokuguguleka kwezingxenye. Uma inani likhulu, lizovala ipayipi lomoya futhi lithinte umoya kanye nokushabalaliswa kokushisa. Ngakho-ke, kuma-motor asetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinothuli lwezimboni kanye nasezindaweni zangaphandle zothuli lwesihlabathi, kumele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuvimbela isihlabathi nothuli.
Ithonya lokufafaza usawoti
Uma amagagasi anamandla olwandle eshaya ugu olunamadwala, amaconsi amanzi ayaphuma abe njengenkungu bese engena emoyeni. Lezi zinhlayiya ezimanzi ze-chloride emoyeni zibizwa ngokuthi inkungu kasawoti. Inkungu kasawoti yakha i-electrolyte ezindaweni zokuvikela kanye nezensimbi, isheshisa inqubo yokugqwala futhi ithinte kakhulu ukusebenza kokuvikela. Isibonelo, ingabangela ukukhishwa kwe-corona kanye nokwanda komthamo wokuvuza.
Izingozi zezinambuzane nezidalwa ezincane
Ezindaweni ezishisayo, umonakalo obangelwa yizinambuzane nezidalwa ezincane unzima kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, zakha izidleke ngaphakathi kwemishini kagesi futhi zishiya izidumbu, okubangela ukuvinjelwa kwemishini; ngakolunye uhlangothi, ziluma ngokushisa noma zidle izinto zokushisa, okubangela amaphutha okujikeleza okufushane. Ikakhulukazi, izintuthwane ezidla ukhuni, amagundane nezinyoka yizona eziyingozi kakhulu.
Igesi egqwalisayo
Ezindaweni zokukhiqiza zemboni yamakhemikhali (kufaka phakathi izimayini, umanyolo, imithi, irabha, njll.), kunenqwaba yamagesi afana ne-chlorine, i-hydrogen chloride, i-sulfur dioxide, i-nitrogen oxide, i-ammonia, i-hydrogen sulfide, njll. Nakuba ukugqwala kwawo kuncane emoyeni owomile (ngezinga eliphezulu lokuxuba elingaphansi kuka-70%), azokwakha ama-aerosols agqwalisayo ane-acid noma i-alkaline emoyeni omanzi. Ngokuvamile, lapho umswakama womoya ungakafiki ekugcwaleni futhi kukhona ukujiya ebusweni bomkhiqizo, ukugqwala kwezingxenye zensimbi nezingxenye kanye nokuwohloka kokusebenza kokushisa kuzosheshiswa kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, umthelela wamagesi agqwalisayo emikhiqizweni yezimoto kuncike emswakama womoya, uhlobo kanye nokuhlushwa kwamagesi agqwalisayo.
Ingcindezi ye-barometric
Ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu (ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1000), ngenxa yokwehla kobuningi bomoya njengoba ukuphakama kukhuphuka, kuthinta ukwanda kokushisa kwemoto kanye nokwehla kokukhipha. I-voltage yokuqala ye-corona kuma-motor ane-voltage ephezulu nayo izoncipha ngokufanele. Uma imoto isebenza ne-corona isikhathi eside, izothinta impilo yesevisi kanye nokusebenza okuphephile kwemoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinguquko ekuphakameni zinomthelela omkhulu ekushintsheni kwe-DC kanye nokuguguleka kwamabhulashi. Ezindaweni ezintula umswakama kanye nomoya-mpilo (ikakhulukazi umswakama), izinga lokwakheka kwamafilimu e-copper oxide ebusweni bokushintsha liyehla, okungenakukwazi ukulingana nokuguguleka, ngaleyo ndlela kuholele ekuwohlokeni kokuguquguquka kanye nokwanda kokuguga kwamabhulashi.
Amandla aphezulu
Imisebe enamandla aphezulu (njengama-electron, ama-proton noma ama-Y-ray avela emisebeni yenuzi) ingabangela ukuthi ama-athomu ento ethile ashintshe, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni kwe-lattice kanye nokwakheka kwemibhangqwana ye-athomu yesikhala, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele umonakalo wemisebe esakhiweni sento. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho into ivezwa emisebeni, ama-electron ayasuka emijikelezweni yawo, akhiqize imibhangqwana ye-hole-electron, okwenza into ithambekele eku-ionization. Umphumela wemisebe ezintweni zokufaka umswakama uncike ohlotsheni kanye nomthamo wemisebe (ovezwa ngesilinganiso somthamo noma inani lomthamo oqongelelekayo), ububanzi bamandla bemisebe, izakhiwo zezinto zokufaka umswakama ezishisiwe, kanye nokushisa kwemvelo. Imisebe ibangela kakhulu umonakalo ezintweni zokufaka umswakama. Phakathi kwazo, izakhiwo zemishini zezinto zokufaka umswakama eziphilayo zithinteka kakhulu. Umthamo wemisebe ovumelekile wezinto zokufaka umswakama yi-10 roentgens. Kodwa-ke, izinto zokufaka umswakama ezingaphili zinokumelana okungcono kwemisebe, njenge-quartz ne-mica, ezingabekezelela umthamo wemisebe ovumelekile wama-roentgen angaphezu kwe-10.
Amandla omshini
Ukucindezela okuphezulu, umthelela kanye nemithwalo yokudlidliza kungabangela kalula umonakalo wemishini ezingxenyeni zensimbi kanye nezakhiwo zokuvikela zemoto.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-12-2025